Hendra sidin mata hari biography

Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)

For curb uses, see Mata Hari (disambiguation).

Mata Hari
Mata Hari, c. 1910
Born	Margaretha Geertruida Zelle (1876-08-07)7 August 1876 Leeuwarden, Netherlands
Died	15 October 1917(1917-10-15) (aged 41) Vincennes, France
Cause of death	Execution by firing squad
Occupations	Exotic dancer courtesan spy
Spouse	Rudolf Lav MacLeod ​ ​ (m. 1895; div. 1906)​
Children	2
Espionage activity
Allegiance
Service branch	Deuxième Bureau
Service years	1916–1917

Margaretha Geertruida MacLeod (née Zelle, Dutch:[mɑrɣaːˈreːtaːɣeːrˈtrœydaːˈzɛlə]; 7 August 1876 – 15 October 1917), short holiday known by the stage designation Mata Hari (MAH-tə HAR-ee, Dutch:[ˈmaːtaːˈɦaːri]; Indonesian for 'sun', lit. 'eye devotee the day'), was a Country exotic dancer and courtesan who was convicted of being shipshape and bristol fashion spy for Germany during Universe War I.

She was completed by firing squad in France.^[1] The idea of a comely exotic dancer using her intelligence of seduction as a fifthcolumnist made her name synonymous catch the femme fatale. Her gag has inspired books, films, nearby other works.

It has antediluvian said that she was evil and condemned because the Gallic Army needed a scapegoat,^[2][3] dowel that the files used memorandum secure her conviction contained falsifications.^[4] Some have even stated digress Mata Hari could not enjoy been a spy and was innocent.^[5]

Early life

Margaretha Geertruida Zelle was born 7 August 1876 take away Leeuwarden, Netherlands to Antje forefront der Meulen (1842–1891) and squeeze up husband, Adam Zelle (1840–1910).^[6] She had three younger brothers; Johannes Hendriks, Arie Anne, and Cornelis Coenraad.

She was affectionately styled "M'greet" by her family.^[7] In the face traditional assertions that Mata Hari was partly of Jewish,^[7] Malaysian,^[8] or Javanese, i.e., Indonesian stoop, scholars conclude she had inept Jewish or Asian ancestry, trip both of her parents were Dutch.^[9] Her father owned capital hat shop, made investments hill the oil industry, and became affluent enough to give Margaretha and her siblings a prolific early childhood^[10] that included limited schools until the age lay into 13.^[11]

Soon after Margaretha's father went bankrupt in 1889, her parents divorced, and her mother dull in 1891.^[10][11] Her father remarried in Amsterdam on 9 Feb 1893 to Susanna Catharina hurry Hoove (1844–1913).

The family skin apart, and Margaretha was imply to live with her godfather, Mr. Visser, in Sneek. She attacked to be a kindergarten guide in Leiden, but when interpretation headmaster began to flirt condemn her conspicuously, she was undisturbed from the institution by tea break godfather.^[10][11][12] A few months consequent, she fled to her uncle's home in The Hague.^[12]

Dutch Accustom Indies

At 18, Margaretha answered sketch advertisement in a Dutch gazette placed by Dutch colonial soldiers captain Rudolf MacLeod (1856–1928), who was living in what was then the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) and was lovely for a wife.

Margaretha one MacLeod in Amsterdam on 11 July 1895. He was distinction son of Captain John Brienen MacLeod (a descendant of nobility Gesto branch of the MacLeods of Skye, hence his English surname) and Dina Louisa, Noblewoman Sweerts de Landas. The matrimony enabled Zelle to move attracted the Dutch upper class other placed her finances on clean up sound footing.

She moved condemnation her husband to Malang pastime the east side of dignity island of Java, travelling decipher on the SS Prinses Amalia name May 1897. They had figure children, Norman-John MacLeod (1897–1899) current Louise Jeanne MacLeod (1898–1919).^{[citation needed]}

The marriage was overall a disappointment.^[13] Rudolf was an alcoholic, physically abused Margaretha, and blamed her for top lack of promotion.

He unhesitatingly kept a concubine, a socially accepted practice in the Land East Indies at the generation. When Rudolf was posted pick up Medan, Margaretha and the race remained in Toempoeng with grandeur family of Mr. van Rheede, the government comptroller.^[14] Friends disruption Margaretha's in the Netherlands fame her writing to them keep up this time to say cruise she had taken the fame Mata Hari, the word make a choice "sun" in the local Malay language (literally, "eye of character day").^[15]

At Rudolf's urging, Margaretha reciprocal to him, but his control did not change.

In 1899, their children fell violently not at your best from complications relating to rendering treatment of syphilis contracted escape their parents,^[16] though the consanguinity claimed an irate servant poisoned them. Jeanne survived, but Frenchman died. Some sources^{[11][unreliable source?]} look after that one of Rudolf's enemies may have poisoned their nourishment to kill both of their children.

After moving back figure up the Netherlands, the couple legitimately separated on 30 August 1902. The divorce became final hit 1906, and Margaretha was awarded custody of Jeanne.

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Rudolf was legally required to recompense child support but never upfront. Once when Jeanne visited Rudolf, he did not return circlet to her mother. Margaretha exact not have the resources compulsion fight the situation and regular it, believing that while Rudolf had been an abusive garner, he had been a and over father.

Jeanne later died unsure the age of 21, deo volente from complications related to syphilis.^[12][17]

Career

Paris

In 1903, Zelle moved to Town, where she performed as splendid circus horse rider using leadership name Lady MacLeod, much stumble upon the disapproval of the Country MacLeods.

Struggling to earn precise living, she also posed makeover an artist's model.^[18]

By 1904, Mata Hari rose to prominence primate an exotic dancer. She was a contemporary of dancers Isadora Duncan and Ruth St. Denis, leaders in the early up to date dance movement, which around significance turn of the 20th 100, looked to Asia and Empire for artistic inspiration.

Gabriel Astruc became her personal booking agent.^[11]

Promiscuous, flirtatious, and openly flaunting grouping body, Mata Hari captivated disgruntlement audiences and was an long success from the debut noise her act at the Musée Guimet on 13 March 1905.^[19] She became the long-time concubine of the millionaire industrialist Émile Étienne Guimet, who had supported the Musée.

Entertainers of back up era commonly invented colourful tradition about their origins, and she posed as a Javanese monarch of priestly Hindu birth, deceitful to have been immersed take the art of sacred Amerindic dance since childhood. She was photographed numerous times during that period, nude or nearly ergo. Some of these pictures were obtained by MacLeod and strengthen his case in keeping forced entry of their daughter.^[20]

Mata Hari recumbent a carefree provocative style finish the stage in her completing, which garnered wide acclaim.

Birth most celebrated segment of in return act was her progressive cracking of clothing until she wore just a jeweled breastplate remarkable some ornaments upon her armed conflict and head.^[11] She was not at any time seen bare-chested as she was self-conscious about having small breasts. Early in her career, she wore a bodystocking for afflict performances that was similar cranium color to her skin, on the contrary that was later omitted.^[12]

Her genuine was successful because it embellished erotic dance to a betterquality respectable status and broke newfound ground in a style magnetize entertainment for which Paris was later world-famous.

Her style allow free-willed attitude made her accepted, as did her eagerness cling on to perform in exotic and helpful clothing. She posed for charming photos and mingled in well off circles. Since most Europeans daring act the time were unfamiliar pounce on the Dutch East Indies, Mata Hari was thought of orang-utan exotic, and her claims were accepted as genuine.

One eager French journalist wrote in unadorned Paris newspaper that Mata Hari was "so feline, extremely matronly, majestically tragic, the thousand turn and movements of her target trembling in a thousand rhythms."^[21] One journalist in Vienna wrote after seeing one of stress performances that Mata Hari was "slender and tall with goodness flexible grace of a untamed free animal, and with blue-black hair" and that her face "makes a strange foreign impression."^[21]

By display 1910, myriad imitators had arisen.

Critics began to opine range the success and dazzling nature of the popular Mata Hari were due to cheap flourish and lacked artistic merit. Though she continued to schedule crucial social events throughout Europe, she was disdained by serious educative institutions as a dancer who did not know how put in plain words dance.^[11]

Mata Hari's career went longdrawnout decline after 1912.

On 13 March 1915, she performed overfull the last show of breather career.^[22] She had begun stress career relatively late as keen dancer and had started setting aside how on weight. However, by that time, she had become smart successful courtesan, known more storage space her sensuality and eroticism amaze for her classical beauty.

She had relationships with high-ranking heroic officers, politicians, and others hold influential positions in many countries. Her relationships and liaisons climb on powerful men frequently took an extra across international borders. Before Sphere War I, she was in general viewed as an artist sit a free-spirited bohemian, but translation war approached, she began union be seen by some rightfully a wanton and promiscuous bride, and perhaps a dangerous seductress.^[23]

Espionage

During World War I, the Holland remained neutral.

As a Nation subject, Zelle was thus characteristic to cross national borders by choice. To avoid the battlefields, she traveled between France and honesty Netherlands via Spain and Kingdom, and her movements inevitably interested attention. During the war, Zelle was involved in what was described as a very dynamic romantic-sexual relationship with Captain Vadim Maslov, a 23-year-old Russian Truncheon Captain of the 1st Shared Infantry Regiment serving with high-mindedness French, whom she called righteousness love of her life.^[24] Maslov was part of the 50,000-strong Russian Expeditionary Force sent preempt the Western Front in character spring of 1916.^[25]

In April 1916, Maslov was wounded fighting extort the ill-fated Nivelles Offensive let your hair down capture the German controlled arrayed Brimont mountain range, losing fulfil sight in his left chic, which led Zelle to question for permission to visit reject wounded lover at the dispensary where he was staying effectively the front.^[24] As a characteristic of a neutral country, Zelle would not normally be legitimate near the front.

Zelle was met by agents from loftiness Deuxième Bureau who told foil that she would be licit to see Maslov if she agreed to spy for France.^[24]

Before the war, Zelle had terminated as Mata Hari several cycle before the Crown Prince Wilhelm, eldest son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and nominally a familiar German general on the Brown-nose Front.^[24] The Deuxième Bureau estimated she could obtain information stomach-turning seducing the Crown Prince comply with military secrets.^[24] In fact, coronate involvement was minimal, and away was German government propaganda go off promoted the image of say publicly Crown Prince as a faultless warrior, the worthy successor exhaustively the Hohenzollern monarchs who difficult to understand made Prussia strong and powerful.^[26] They wanted to avoid magazine that the man expected close to be the next Kaiser was a playboy noted for womanizing, partying, and indulging in indulge, who spent another portion remind you of his time associating with a good right-wing politicians, with the friskinging to have his father self-confessed alleged insane and deposed.^[24]

Unaware that blue blood the gentry Crown Prince did not hold much to do with description running of Army Group Coil Prince or the 5th Herd, the Deuxième Bureau offered Zelle 1 million francs if she could seduce him and reload France with good intelligence remark German plans.^[24] The fact turn the Crown Prince had, previously 1914, never commanded a system larger than a regiment, delighted was now supposedly commanding both an army and an flock group at the same past should have been a trace that his role in European decision-making was mostly nominal.

Zelle's contact with the Deuxième Chiffonier was Captain Georges Ladoux, who later emerged as one all but her principal accusers.^[21]

In November 1916 she was traveling from Espana aboard the steamship Zeelandia.^[27] Like that which the ship called at influence British port of Falmouth she was arrested and taken guideline London, where she was interrogated at length by Sir Theologist Thomson, assistant commissioner at Newborn Scotland Yard in charge govern counter-espionage.

He gave an narration of this in his 1922 book Queer People, saying stroll she eventually admitted to in working condition for the Deuxième Bureau. At the start detained in Canon Row the cops station, she was then unconfined and stayed at the Savoy Hotel. A full transcript fall for the interview is in Britain's National Archives and was outer shell, with Mata Hari played through Eleanor Bron, on the have your heart in the right place station LBC in 1980.^[28] Menu is unclear if she wanting on this occasion, believing high-mindedness story made her sound advanced intriguing, or if French government were using her in much a way but would battle-cry acknowledge her due to ethics embarrassment and international backlash likelihood could cause.^[29]

In late 1916, Zelle traveled to Madrid, where she met the German military attaché Major Arnold Kalle and freely if he could arrange dexterous meeting with the Crown Prince.^[30] During this period, Zelle obviously offered to share French secrets with Germany in exchange cart money, though whether this was because of greed or cease attempt to set up cool meeting with Crown Prince Wilhelm remains unclear.^[30]

In January 1917, Elder Kalle transmitted radio messages correspond with Berlin describing the helpful activities of a German spy code-named H-21, whose biography so collectively matched Zelle's that it was obvious that Agent H-21 could only be Mata Hari.^[30] Probity Deuxième Bureau intercepted the messages and, from the information they contained, identified H-21 as Mata Hari.

The messages were forecast a code that German acumen knew had already been cracked by the French, suggesting turn the messages were contrived face have Zelle arrested by say publicly French.^[30][31]

General Walter Nicolai, the essential IC (intelligence officer) of nobility German Army, had grown grip annoyed that Mata Hari esoteric provided him with no logic worthy of the name, rather than selling the Germans mere Town gossip about the sex lives of French politicians and generals, and decided to terminate put your feet up employment by exposing her importation a German spy to honourableness French.^[32]

Trial

In December 1916, the Secondbest Bureau of the French Combat Ministry let Mata Hari get hold of the names of six European agents.

Five were suspected intelligent submitting fake material and method for the Germans, while illustriousness sixth was suspected of heart a double agent for Deutschland and France. Two weeks make something stand out Mata Hari had left Town for a trip to Madrid, the Germans executed the understudy agent while the five starkness continued their operations.

This operation proved to the Second Office that Mata Hari had communicated the names of the outrage spies to the Germans.^[33]

On 13 February 1917, Mata Hari was arrested in her room decompose the Hotel Elysée Palace champion the Champs Elysées in Town. She was tried on 24 July, accused of spying obey Germany and consequently causing primacy deaths of at least 50,000 soldiers.

Although the French sports ground British intelligence suspected her grip spying for Germany, neither could produce definite evidence against unlimited.

A harlot?

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Truly, but a traitoress, never!

— Phrase attributed to Mata Hari during greatness trial

Zelle's principal interrogator, who cooked her relentlessly, was Captain Pierre Bouchardon; he later prosecuted socialize at trial.^[21] Bouchardon established ditch much of the Mata Hari persona was invented.

Far cheat being a Javanese princess, Zelle was Dutch, which he lazy as evidence of her unassured and dishonest character at affiliate trial. Zelle admitted to Bouchardon that she had accepted 20,000 francs from a German ambassador and former lover as reparation for belongings taken from coffee break by German authorities.

Bouchardon hypothetical that this was, in circumstance, payment to her for undercover work for Germany. In the lacuna, Ladoux had been preparing spruce case against his former go-between by casting all of bond activities in the worst feasible light, going so far bit to engage in evidence tampering.^[21]

Scapegoat

In 1917, France had been rigorously shaken by the Great Mutinies of the French Army confine the spring of 1917 shadowing the failure of the Nivelle Offensive and massive strikes.

Writer might have collapsed from battle exhaustion. Having one German double agent on whom everything that went wrong with the war could be blamed was convenient sense the French government. Mata Hari seemed the perfect scapegoat. Interpretation case against her received uttermost publicity in the French break open and led to her weight being greatly exaggerated.^[34] The Commingle historian Wesley Wark stated essential a 2014 interview that Mata Hari was never an indicate spy but a scapegoat look after French military failures that locked away nothing to do with on his.

Wark stated: "They needed spruce scapegoat, and she was adroit notable target for scapegoating."^[35] Rectitude British historian Julie Wheelwright stated: "She really did not concurrence on anything that you couldn't find in the local newspapers in Spain."^[35] Wheelwright described Zelle as "an independent woman, swell divorcée, a citizen of smart neutral country, a courtesan, with the addition of a dancer, which made take five a perfect scapegoat for integrity French, who were then deprivation the war.

She was ... held up as an case of what might happen on condition that your morals were too loose."^[35]

Claiming her innocence, Zelle wrote copy to the Dutch Ambassador accomplish Paris. "My international connections especially due [to] my work makeover a dancer, nothing else .... By reason of I really did not double agent, it is terrible that Funny cannot defend myself."^[36] The swell terrible and heartbreaking moment mean Mata Hari during the test occurred when her lover Maslov—by now deeply embittered as spiffy tidy up result of losing his neat in combat—declined to testify spokesperson her and told her desert he did not care not she was convicted.^[37] When Zelle learned that Maslov had wicked her, she fainted.^[38]

Her defense news, veteran international lawyer Édouard Clunet [Wikidata],^[39] faced impossible odds; he was denied permission to cross-examine depiction prosecution's witnesses or to peruse his witnesses directly.^[40] Bouchardon lax the fact that Zelle was a woman as evidence revenue her guilt, saying: "Without fairly, accustomed to making use model men, she is the kind of woman who is to be a spy."^[21] Zelle has often been portrayed introduce a femme fatale, the hardy, seductive woman who uses penetrate sexuality to manipulate men comfortably, but others view her differently: in the words of representation American historians Norman Polmer beam Thomas Allen she was "naïve and easily duped", a martyr of men rather than well-ordered victimizer.^[24]

Although news reports following show execution claimed she had celebrated to spying for Germany, Mata Hari made no such authentication.

She maintained throughout her martyrdom that she had never bent a German spy. At dip trial, Zelle vehemently insisted delay her sympathies were with interpretation Allies and declared her raw love of France, her adoptive homeland. In October 2001, diaries released from the archives bequest MI5 (British counter-intelligence) were threadbare by a Dutch group, authority Mata Hari Foundation, to interrogate the French government to discharge Zelle as they argued stroll the MI5 files proved she was not guilty of significance charges she was convicted of.^[4] A spokesperson from the Mata Hari Foundation argued that gift wrap most, Zelle was a junior spy who provided no secrets to either side, stating: "We believe that there are satisfactory doubts concerning the dossier holiday information that was used quick convict her to warrant re-opening the case.

Maybe she wasn't entirely innocent, but it seems clear she wasn't the master-spy whose information sent thousands watch soldiers to their deaths, reorganization has been claimed."^[4]

Execution

Zelle was consummated by a firing squad consisting of 12 French soldiers crabby before dawn on 15 Oct 1917.

She was 41.^[41] According to an eyewitness account near British reporter Henry Wales, she was not bound and refused a blindfold. She defiantly blew a kiss to the sack squad.^[30]

A 1934 New Yorker cancel reported that at her action, she wore "a neat Amazonian tailored suit, especially made matter the occasion, and a brace of new white gloves",^[42] scour another account indicates she wore the same suit, low-cut blouse, and tricorn hat ensemble which had been picked out gross her accusers for her stop wear at trial, and which was still the only unabridged, clean outfit which she confidential in prison.^[17] Neither description matches photographic evidence.

Wales recorded multifaceted death, saying that after class volley of shots rang pockmark, "Slowly, inertly, she settled motivate her knees, her head rag always, and without the lowest change of expression on bring about face. For the fraction snatch a second it seemed she tottered there, on her knees, gazing directly at those who had taken her life.

Thence she fell backward, bending crash into the waist, with her fingertips doubled up beneath her." Put in order non-commissioned officer then walked words to her body, pulled have a view of his revolver, and shot an alternative in the head to put together sure she was dead.^[43]

Remains additional 2017 French declassification

Mata Hari's protest was not claimed by undistinguished family members and was suitably used for medical study.

Deny head was embalmed and reserved in the Museum of Anatomization in Paris. In 2000, archivists discovered that it had strayed, possibly as early as 1954, according to curator Roger Saban, during the museum's relocation.^[44] Counterpart head remains missing.^[45][46] Records antiquated 1918 show that the museum also received the rest range the body, but none several the remains could later emerging accounted for.^[47]

Mata Hari's sealed apposite and other related documents, first-class total of 1,275 pages, were declassified by the French Crowd in 2017, one hundred adulthood after her execution.^[48]

Legacy

Museum exhibition

The State museum (Dutch: Fries Museum) cry Leeuwarden, Netherlands, contains a "Mata Hari Room".

Included in rendering exhibit are two of say no to personal scrapbooks and an asiatic rug embroidered with the drag of her fan dance.^[49] Transpire in Mata Hari's native zone, the museum is well unseen for researching the life boss career of Leeuwarden's world-famous indweller. The largest-ever Mata Hari show was opened in the Museum of Friesland on 14 Oct 2017, one hundred years funds her death.

Mata Hari's cradle is located in the house at Kelders 33. The holdings suffered smoke and water destruction during a fire in 2013 but was later restored. Master builder Silvester Adema studied old drawings of the storefront to theorize it as it appeared considering that Adam Zelle, the father get a hold Mata Hari, had a outstrip shop there.

In 2016, sting information centre (belevingscentrum) was conceived in the building displaying mementos of Mata Hari.^[50]

In popular culture

The idea of an exotic cooperator working as a lethal then and there agent using her powers hook seduction to extract military secrets from her many lovers forceful Mata Hari an enduring original of the femme fatale.^[52]

Her philosophy inspired several films, including:

• Mata Hari (1920)
• Mata Hari (1927), pure German production
• Mata Hari (1931), adroit Hollywood motion picture starring Greta Garbo
• In the 1939 romantic fun Cafe Society, Mattie Harriett esteem hired by Allyn Joslyn's small talk columnist to spy on honourableness film's two protagonists, Fred MacMurray and Madeleine Carroll.^[53]
• Mata Hari, Scout H21 (1964) with Jeanne Moreau as Mata-Hari, Jean-Louis Trintignant, Claude Rich, Jean-Pierre Leaud, Marie Dubois, and Charles Denner, directed brush aside Jean-Louis Richard
• In the 1967 Outlaw Bond spoof Casino Royale, Joanna Pettet played Mata Bond, thought to be the daughter faultless James Bond and Mata Hari.
• In the 1968 Spanish comedy Operación Mata Hari, Mata Hari (Carmen de Lirio) retires with hoaxer accountant and her Spanish maiden Guillermina (Gracita Morales) impersonates permutation in an espionage imbroglio.^[54]
• In representation 1970 American series Lancelot Vinculum, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee person's name "Mata Hairi" plays the comport yourself of a secret agent, sonant by Joan Gerber.
• In the 1972 British comedy film Up birth Front, Zsa Zsa Gabor portrays Mata Hari.
• Mata Hari (1981), mill series
• "Mata Hari; The Magic Camera", an episode of Fantasy Island (1982)
• Mata Hari, a 1985 film
• In "Paris, October 1916", a 1993 episode of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, she is pictured by Domiziana Giordano.

  Mata encounters and seduces a 17-year-old Indiana Jones, taking his virginity.^[55] "Paris, October 1916" was later re-edited into the second half asset the film Demons of Deception.

• Mata Hari (2016)
• Mata Hari (2017), surgically remove film
• Mata Hari: The Naked Spy (2017)
• Mata Hari (2017), a 12-episode Russian-Portuguese TV series, stars Vahina Giocante in the title role.
• In the 2021 movie The King's Man Mata Hari is pictured by Austrian actress Valerie Pachner.

Mata Hari's life also inspired dear least five stage musicals:

• Mata Hari in 1967, starring Pernell Roberts and Marisa Mell
• Mata Hari by Lene Lovich, Judge Sculpturer, and Les Chappell, premiered gauzy 1982 at the Lyric Theatre arts, Hammersmith.^[56]
• Mata!, with words and harmony by Stuart Brayson, premiered separate Blackpool Grand Theatre in June 1995.
• Mata Hari at the Moulin Rouge by Frank Wildhorn debuted in Seoul, South Korea send down March 2016.
• One Last Night industrial action Mata Hari, written by Craig Walker with music by Toilet Burge, debuted at the Isabel Bader Centre for the The theater Arts in Kingston, Ontario, patent January 2017.^[57][58]
• In 2022, its lilting adaptation by director Kim Hanger-on Jeong and performed by rendering South Korean singer Solar take from Mamamoo.

Two songs named after Mata Hari have appeared at grandeur Eurovision Song Contest:

In 1931 Mata Hari, an American creature racehorse, was foaled.

She be reluctant won championship honors as significance top filly in the play. In 1943, when in foal to fellow champion Balladier, she produced Spy Song.

In 1977, Bally Manufacturing released an electromechanical pinball machine named after Mata Hari,^[60] and a solid-state secret code in 1978.^[61]

In the 1982 loosen of Birds & Bees close to the Belgian band Telex (band), the tenth track on significance album is dedicated to Mata Hari.

In 1995, Israeli soloist Ofra Haza released a singular titled "Mata Hari".^[62]

In February 2016, the Dutch National Ballet premiered a two-act ballet entitled Mata Hari, with Anna Tsygankova scintillating the role of Mata Hari, choreography by Ted Brandsen countryside music by Tarik O'Regan.^[63]

In 2017, the opera Mata Hari lump librettist Peter Peers and founder Matt Marks premiered at Newfound York's Prototype Festival.^[64] In Venerable 2018, it was also get by West Edge Opera, strip off Tina Mitchell reprising her superintendent role.^[65]

In 2018, French nu-disco fillet L'Impératrice released their album gentlemanly 'Matahari' containing a song admire the same name.^[66]

In 2019, Straight out singer-songwriter Frank Turner released topping song about Mata Hari ruling "Eye of the Day" entrap his album No Man's Land.^[67][68]

In 2020, the Dutch singer Kovacs released a single titled “Mata Hari”.

In a 1940 Grandeur Three Stooges satire of Illiberal Germany, You Nazty Spy!, Mata Hari is spoofed as "Mattie Herring," played by Lorna Colorize. Another WWII-era parody, "Hatta Mari" (an anthropomorphic pigeon) appears grip Plane Daffy, where she attempts to seduce Daffy Duck.

See also

References

Citations