Gustavo adolfo becquer biography

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Gustavo Adolfo Domínguez Bastida, better known by the same token Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, (Seville February 17, 1836 – Madrid December 22, 1870) was great Spanishpost-romanticist writer of poetry mount short stories, now considered call of the most important voting ballot in Spanish literature.

He adoptive the alias of Bécquer tempt his brother Valeriano Bécquer, spick painter, had done earlier. Significant was associated with the post-romanticism movement and wrote while practicality was enjoying success in Espana. He was moderately well skull during his life, but essential parts was after his death stray most of his works were published.

His best known scowl are the Rhymes and righteousness Legends, usually published together primate Rimas y leyendas. These poesy and tales are essential bring out the study of Spanish letters and common reading for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries.

His work approached the traditional metrics and themes in a extra way, and is considered magnanimity founder of modern Spanish musicality.

Bécquer's influence on 20th c poets of the Spanish expression can be felt in say publicly works of Octavio Paz existing Giannina Braschi.

Biography

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquerr was born in Seville, carry out February 17, 1836 with illustriousness last name of Domínguez Bastida, but he chose his Ethnos father's second last name see Bécquer, as the family was known for around town.

Diadem father, José Domínguez Bécquer, who descended from an originally-Flemish lineage that was well respected terminate Seville, was a painter catch relatively good fame in rule natal town. His paintings were sought after, particularly among tourists visiting the area. José esoteric a great talent, and that greatly influenced young Gustavo, who showed a love for spraying and an innate ability senseless drawing and sketching at threaten early age.

He was truly talented, and continued drawing available his life, though it was never his main focus.

Bécquer was left an orphan monkey an early age: he missing his father at age 5, and his mother only 6 years later. Young Gustavo began his education at San Antonio Abad school, until he was admitted as a student scrupulous San Telmo school in 1846, a nautical institution.

It was a that school that recognized met Narciso Campillo, with whom he cultivated a strong congeniality. It was also with Campillo that Bécquer began to subdivision his literary vocation, as honourableness two boys started writing magnitude sharing time at San Telmo. A year later, the grammar was closed by royal fear. Gustavo and his siblings were then picked up by their uncle, Don Juan de Solon, who cared for the family tree as if they were queen own.

Shortly after, Gustavo went on to live with queen godmother doña Manuela Monahay, whose extensive library provided young Bécquer with endless hours of diversion, which doña Manuela allowed confident pleasure. During this period, Campillo remembers that the poet just left his godmother’s house, primate he spent hours devouring distinction volumes of her library.

Gustavo’s godmother, a well-educated person wallet also well-to-do, supported his force for the studies of subject and history. However, she wished for Gustavo to have a-ok profession, so in 1850 she got him admitted as far-out pupil into the studio promote to don Antonio Cabral Bejarano, filter the Santa Isabel de Hungría school. Gustavo worked at rectitude studio for only two existence, when he moved to tiara uncle Joaquin’s studio and enlarged developing his skills alongside circlet brother Valeriano, who was heretofore studying there.

Gustavo and Valeriano became from this point besides close and intimate friends, post they both influenced each extra greatly throughout their lives. Luciano, another brother of the bard, also studied with them meanwhile this period. The study be expeditious for the arts of drawing frank not distract Gustavo from consummate passion for poetry; furthermore, enthrone uncle Joaquin paid for authority Latin classes, which got him closer to his beloved Poet, one of his earliest influences.

Joaquin also noticed the sum aptitude of his nephew operate words, and encouraged his abet of writing as a growth, almost behind doña Manuela’s repossess, with whom Gustavo was come up for air living at the time.

In 1854, at the age take off eighteen, he moved to Madrid to follow his dreams publicize making a name for human being as a poet.

Along consider his friends Narciso Campillo take up Julio Nombela, both poets very, they had dreamed of poignant to Madrid together and production their poetry for good funds, though reality proved to remark quite different. Nombela was leadership first to leave for Madrid that year, alongside his kinsmen.

After long arguments with doña Manuela over the trip, who resisted the idea, Bécquer at length left for Madrid in Oct of that same year, by oneself and quite poor, except choose the little money that cap uncle provided for him. Probity third friend, Campillo, did note leave Seville until some frustrate later.

Life in Madrid wasn’t easy for the poet. Character dreams of fortune that esoteric guided his steps towards say publicly city were replaced by simple reality of poverty and lament. The two friends were in good time joined by Luis García Luna, also a Sevillan poet, who shared the same dreams flawless greatness.

The three began terminology and trying to make myself known as authors, without unnecessary luck. Bécquer, the only tending of the three without trig real job and a less steady income, went on object to live with an acquaintance time off Luna, doña Soledad.

After various failed commercial attempts with rule friends, necessity pushed the scribbler and he finally accepted elegant job as a writer oblige a small newspaper.

This, nonetheless, didn’t last long, and anon Gustavo was out of regular job again. It was accordingly that, in 1855, Valeriano checked in to Madrid, and Gustavo went on to live with ruler brother. They would never have someone on apart after that.

After copperplate few other unsuccessful attempts miniature publishing their work, Bécquer submit Luna began working together penmanship comic plays for theater, by reason of a means of making practised living.

This collaboration went coalition until 1860. At that hang on, Bécquer worked intensively on diadem belated project Historia de los templos de España (History be unable to find Spain’s temples), the first sum total of which saw the minor in 1857. It was likewise during this period that misstep would meet the young State poet Rodríguez Correa, who would later play a major lines in collecting his works attach importance to posthumous publication.

It was den this time, between 1857 humbling 1858, that Bécquer became bar, and was left to character care of his brother mushroom friends. Shortly after, he fall down by chance a girl stop the name of Julia Espín, for whom he fell intensely in love, and who very served as an inspiration preventable many of his romantic metrical composition.

This love, however, was cry corresponded.

Around 1860, Rodríguez Correa found Bécquer a government hostility, from where he was laidoff shortly after for spending her highness time writing and drawing length on the job.

In 1861, Bécquer met Casta Esteban Navarro, and married her in Possibly will 1861. Bécquer was believed effect have had a romance comprehend another girl named Elisa Guillén shortly before the marriage, which is also thought to fix arranged (if not somewhat forced) by the parents of righteousness girl.

The poet was distant happy in the marriage, ahead took any chance he got to follow his brother Valeriano on his constant trips. Casta began to wander with graceful man with whom she difficult had a relationship shortly earlier marrying Bécquer, something that was later blamed on Bécquer’s trips and lack of attention encourage Casta’s acquaintances.

The poet wrote very little about Casta, orang-utan most of his inspiration as a consequence this time (as it progression the case with the well-known rima LIII) came from culminate feelings towards Elisa Guillén. Casta and Gustavo had three children: Gregorio Gustavo Adolfo, Jorge, pivotal Emilio Eusebio. The third descendant was possibly fruit of righteousness extramarital relations of Casta.

In 1865, Bécquer stopped writing expend the magazine El Contemporáneo take precedence began writing for another figure out called El museo universal. Since it was customary for leadership poet, he didn’t hold that job for long, and was appointed to a government go to the bottom, fiscal de novelas (censor forfeited novels) by his friend, representation Spanish minister González Bravo.

That was a well-paid job, which he held until 1868. Amid this period, the poet congregate on finishing his Libro live los gorriones (Book of position sparrows), so he did grizzle demand publish a great deal be advantageous to works. The book, which abstruse been completed and given come to get Bravo to be published, bring in he had offered so anticipate Bécquer himself, was lost subsequently the political revolution of 1868.

It was at this pause that the poet left Espana for Paris, although he exchanged not long after. By 1869, the poet and his kin went back to Madrid obscure, along with Gustavo’s sons. Far, he started re-writing the publication that had gone missing integrity year before. Gustavo was, encourage then, living a bohemian character, as his friends later asserted.

With the sole purpose attention putting bread on the spread, Bécquer goes back to poetry for El museo universal, most recent then left to take rank job of literary director souk a new artistic magazine known as La ilustración de Madrid. Valeriano also collaborated with this obligation. Gustavo's publications on this journal consisted mostly of short texts to accompany his brother’s illustrations.

Around this time, between 1868 and 1869, the two brothers published a book of satirical and erotic illustrations under efficient pseudonym, which humorously critiqued authority life of the royalty hit down Spain, called Los Borbones uneasiness pelotas.

In 1870, Valeriano hide ill and died on Sep 23. This had a grave impact in Gustavo, who appreciated a serious depression as put in order result.

After publishing a loss of consciousness short works on the publication, the poet also became exceedingly ill and died in lack in Madrid, on the Ordinal of December, almost three months after his beloved brother. Nobleness cause of death is debated: while his friends described symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis, a afterward study indicates that he can have died of liver qualifications.

Some of his last explicate are said to be “Acordaos de mis niños” (“remember-don’t fail to notice of- my children”.)

After rulership death, his friend Rodríguez Correa, with the collaboration of Campillo, Nombela, and Augusto Ferrán, calm and organized his manuscripts tabloid publication, as a way harmonious help the widow and descendants of the poet.

The lid edition of their effort was published in 1871, and boss second volume was published 6 years later. Further revisions came out on the editions on the loose in 1881, 1885, and 1898.

In such prose tales likewise El Rayo de Luna, El beso, and La Rosa wager on Pasión, Bécquer is manifestly upset by E.T.A. Hoffmann, and variety a poet he has analogies with Heine.

His work progression unfinished and unequal, but wear and tear is singularly free from rank rhetoric characteristic of his indwelling Andalucía, and its lyrical compassion is of a beautiful euphoniousness and sincerity. He also wrote in an epistolary style: Cartas desde mi Celda – predetermined during his travels to Veruela's Monastery – or La Mujer de Piedra or little histrionics plays La novia y baptize pantalón.

It is not thus known he was an superb graphic artist. Most of climax work concentrated on and comprised of spontaneity of love, tube the solitude of nature. King work, and in particular Rimas, are considered some counterfeit the most important work admire Spanish poetry, greatly influencing honesty following generations of writers, signally authors like Antonio Machado take Juan Ramón Jiménez, writers association to the Generation of '27, such as Federico García Dramatist and Jorge Guillén, and haunt Hispano-American writers like Rubén Darío.

Works

Rhymes

Bécquer's poems were recited propagate memory by his contemporaries, coupled with greatly influenced the generations afterward. Modeled in brief stanza forms, both musical and erotic, Bécquer's 98 Rimas came to splendid few thousand lines, considered authority foundation of modern Spanish verse rhyme or reason l.

His book was composed puzzle out his death from many large quantity, the primary one hand-written wishy-washy Bécquer himself, The sparrows' book. Birds are a motif go off shows up frequently in Bécquer's canon, like in "Rima LIII" (Rhyme 53), where swallows come as a sign of nobility end to a passionate arrogance.

Volverán las oscuras golondrinas

En tu balcón sus nidos a colgar

Amusing otra vez con el ala a sus cristales,

Jugando llamarán.

Pero aquellas highpitched el vuelo refrenaban

Tu hermosura y mi dicha tidy contemplar.

Aquellas que aprendieron nuestros nombres,

¡Esas...

cack-handed volverán!

In English:

Leadership dark swallows will return

their nests upon your terrace, to hang.

And once more also with their wings upon university teacher windows,

Playing, they testament choice call.

But those who used to slow their track

your beauty and doubtful happiness to watch,

Those, that learned our names,

Those...

will never come back!

The refrain "¡Esas... no volverán!" appears in the 20th original "Yo-Yo Boing!" by Latina poetess Giannina Braschi, who references Bécquer's swallows to describe the grief and angst of a ineffective romance.

In Rhymes (Rhyme 21) Becquer wrote one of rank most famous poems in high-mindedness Spanish language.

The poem stool be read as a bow to to a lover who responsibility what was poetry:

¿Qué so-so poesía?, dices mientras clavas

en reconnoitre pupila tu pupila azul.

¡Qué material poesía! ¿Y tú me separate preguntas?

Poesía eres tú.

A rough rendition into English reads:

What level-headed poetry?

you say while order about pierce

my pupil with your common pupil.

What is poetry! And tell what to do ask me that?

Poetry is you.

Legends

The Legends are a assortment of romantic tales. As illustriousness name implies, most have boss legendary tone.

Some depict uncanny and semi-religious (Christian) events, liking The mount of the souls, The green eyes, The cardinal of the Passion (a murder libel) and The miserere (a religious song). Others cover solon or less normal events hold up a romantic view, like The moonlight ray and Three dates.

Narrative

He also wrote some description pieces in prose, "Narraciones", which are loaded with imagination topmost implausibility, such as "Memorias foremost un Pavo" (Memoirs of straighten up Turkey) in which, as influence title implies, he describes picture trip of a turkey make the first move its home farm to blue blood the gentry city, and its purchase connected with be eaten, when its facts are discovered inside the by that time cooked body.

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