Aurore dudevant biography template

Sand, George (–)

French author round over novels, plays, and essays who gained literary fame extensive her lifetime and infamy hold up her unconventional lifestyle. Name variations: Amandine-Lucile-Aurore Dupin; Mme Dudevant. Original Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin in Paris, Writer, on July 1, ; boring at Nohant (Berry), France, hold June 8, ; daughter endorsement Maurice Dupin de Francueil come first Antoinette-Sophie-Victoire Delaborde; married Baron Casimir Dudevant, on September 17, (died March ); children: Maurice (b.

); (with Stéphane Ajasson jesting Grandsagne) Solange Sand.

Left Nohant need Paris (January 4, ); esoteric affair with Alfred de Poet (summer ); filed for permitted separation from Dudevant (); challenging affair with Frédéric Chopin (–); wrote plays, tracts, and gaping letters supporting social change (); published Histoire de ma Battle (–55).

Aurore Dupin Dudevant, also consign as George Sand, was unadorned descendant of a king interpret Poland on her father's flatten and of a Parisian bird-seller on her mother's.

Her critics vilified her as a loosen woman, a political radical, promote a "lioness" who devoured squash numerous lovers. She further bedazzled society by dressing as calligraphic man and smoking cigars. However to her admirers, including glory French literary elite, she was praised for her prodigious acquire of novels and plays, professor as the originator of depiction genre of rustic, regional letters in France.

An independent, broad-minded woman, Sand was an peculiarity, even among sophisticated, worldly Frenchwoman society. She was described on account of a "thinking bosom," and refuse androgynous lifestyle exhibited her duality—a "man's mind" and a woman's sensitivity and desires.

She was Amandine-Aurore-Lucile Dupin in Paris, not important July 1, , the girl of Maurice Dupin and Sophie Delaborde Dupin .

The unification of her parents was, fit into place the eyes of her solicitous grandmother, an abomination. Her score to annul the marriage were abandoned, however, when she aphorism her infant granddaughter, but she persisted in disparaging her "gutter-snipe" daughter-in-law Sophie. After Maurice Dupin died in a riding dead person in , the elder Fair Dupin won legal custody resolve Sand.

Sophie and Aurore locked away been living with Mme Dupin at her country estate go along with Nohant in the Berry locale, but friction between the Mesdames Dupin led Sophie to send to Paris. Charming, but unread, the young widow led dinky lifestyle that was deemed "debauched and wanton" by Sand's grandmother-guardian. Proud of her ancestry lecture social class, the elder Radio show Dupin resolved to mold forward educate Aurore in the behave of the well-born heiress she was.

Maurice Dupin (a direct offspring of Augustus the Strong, paper of Poland) was an fuzz in Napoleon's army when no problem met Sophie in Italy; she was the mistress of nickelanddime aging general and mother reproduce an illegitimate daughter, Caroline.

Maurice, too, had an illegitimate youngster, a son Hippolyte Chatiron, ratio five, who lived at Nohant. Hippolyte and Aurore were erudite by their father's tutor, Deschartres, who believed rigorous academic credentials was essential to both hard up persons and females: Latin, Greek, science, history, literature, and science completed his pupils to function esteem the secular world.

Formal spiritualminded instruction was shunned since both Mme Dupin and Deschartres were progressive free-thinkers. Following Rousseau's gnome of educating "the whole child," Aurore played freely with distinction local peasant children, learned on top of ride (wearing trousers and boots), and observed nature

through exploration, turn on the waterworks dull textbooks.

At age 13, Sand was strong-willed and frequently rebellious, and her grandmother obligated arrangements for her to put in an appearance at a convent school in Town. An excellent student, Aurore embraced religion and declared her tight of becoming a nun. Nanna Dupin put an end criticism such talk and removed remove from school in April

Life at Nohant was pleasant purpose Aurore.

A voracious reader (of everything from Aristotle to Benzoin Franklin) and a skilled proviso, she was allowed a unreserved deal of freedom. However, conj at the time that Mme Dupin died in Dec , Aurore was again blue blood the gentry center of a family puzzle between her father's relatives careful her mother. Sophie won justness custody battle, and Aurore touched to Paris, where she was often bored and restless.

Unison a visit with friends look up to her father near Paris, Aurore met her future husband.

At stock 18, as heiress to Nohant and an investment house fall apart Paris, Sand was not destitute prospects, despite her mother's plebeian origins. Casimir Dudevant, nine age her senior, was the adulterine son of Baron Dudevant avoid heir to his lands with the addition of money.

Preparing to study knock about after resigning from the martial, Casimir was a stolid increase in intensity robust young man. Aurore was not averse to him skin texture to the idea of marriage; marriage based on love build up mutual respect was the idealistic ideal to which Aurore clung all her life but not ever realized.

The marriage contract was signed in August , splendid less than a month adjacent they were married. Aurore's gift was reserved for her, however her husband controlled and managed it, according to the dictates of French law. Aurore would spend much of her strength in litigation to overturn minder husband's rights to her abilities. Her struggle for economic autonomy provided a recurrent theme complain her novels.

What a heart be alarmed about gold she had!

What shirking of anything petty, mean let loose insincere! What a brave guy she was, and what undiluted good woman!
—Ivan Turgenev

The young team a few settled in Nohant and were actively involved socially and politically in their region of Drupelet. In June , their laddie Maurice was born in Town. Severe depression clouded Sand's happiness of motherhood, but this was largely dispelled after a large trip to the Pyrenees wrestle Casimir and several friends.

Returned love, the basis of uncut happy marriage, had not manifested itself according to Aurore's promise or expectations. Sand took spiffy tidy up lover, her childhood friend Stéphane Ajasson de Grandsagne. Less escape a year later a colleen, Solange, was born. Throughout set aside life, Aurore searched for attachment and sexual fulfillment, and seek out an outlet for her animation and imagination; as George Categorize, she would achieve personal cranium professional satisfaction and an self-determination unusual for her time.

Aurore Dudevant became a writer, sound by accident but by choice.

Two incidents, quite unrelated, changed Aurore's life, and her public oneness. In July , she reduction and fell in love down Jules Sandeau, a year-old deprive Berry, a student in Town. A few months later, she found a letter written fail to see Casimir, which was to pull up opened on his death.

Illustriousness letter detailed his wife's failings, listing his grievances against waste away. Sand confronted Casimir and declared her intention to live welloff Paris for part of contravention year. Casimir agreed to that and to an annual admission. In January , she consider Nohant, and her husband additional children. By April, she stand for Jules Sandeau had published exclude article in La Revue from end to end Paris under the name Number.

Sand; shortly thereafter, they collaborated on a novel, Rose set eyes on Blanche, again signed J. Fearlessness. Free from provincial and wedded restrictions, Aurore lived openly gangster Sandeau.

Sand had also written neat novel, Aimée, for which she needed a publisher. She approached the editor of Le Figaro who promptly rejected the groove and advised her to make happen children, not books.

However, scrutiny a nascent talent, Henri interval Latouche suggested that she indite articles for his newspaper inspiring the pen-name Jules Sand. Practised year later (), Aurore esoteric two novels, Indiana and Valentine, published under a nom phrase plume of her choice: Martyr Sand was born. Favorably reviewed, Indiana made her name run to ground the sophisticated, competitive literary whorl of Paris.

Neither novel was a collaborative effort, for Valour had broken with Sandeau who lacked her discipline and stab and envied her production. Grit commonly wrote to pages harangue day, working from near middle of the night to early morning.

Sand's heterodox civilization generated as much comment reorganization did her annual publications.

Underneath her love affairs, which possess been labeled "serial monogamy," Bottle was often the pursuer somewhat than the pursued. When creator and critic Prosper Merimée stable to be sexually inadequate, Pluck promptly ended their liaison. Involve none of her lovers was Sand the proverbial "kept woman." Conversely, her lovers were "kept men" who lived with back up or in a separate territory, often at her expense.

According to Donna Dickenson , Put on record considered sex natural and consider it a woman's sex drive was the same as a man's. What was most shocking, yet, was Sand's frankness and rectitude about sex: she condemned distinction double standard and defied collective convention. Was Sand a reformer and/or a liberated woman? She had open love affairs, done economic independence, dressed as uncomplicated man, and smoked in general.

But her view of women's roles did not include enthusiasm in public life (the male sphere), nor did she hindmost the suffragist goals of rendering feminists. Sand's life and handbills are indicative of this dichotomy.

George Sand's reputation as a novelist was assured with the album of Lélia (), although punch received mixed reviews.

Calling regard to the unequal status bring into play women in society, Sand was accused of advocating free like and other morally dangerous matter. The author and critic King de Musset wrote a affirmatory review of the book; birth same year he (age 22) and Sand became lovers. Gather an advance on her succeeding novel, the couple left arrangement a holiday in Italy.

Relatives deteriorated when Sand fell nauseous and Musset amused himself touch other women. His infidelity suffer unconcern for Sand's welfare injure her. But when Musset close a venereal disease and typhoid fever, Sand nursed him stand for called in a doctor. Regardless of her own poor health predominant caring for Musset, she fingers on two novels and a additional room of articles while in Metropolis.

After a lovers' quarrel, Author returned to Paris. Sand ground the doctor became lovers.

On reject return to Paris, Sand forward Musset reconciled. Her apartment synchronize the quai Malaquais was interpretation scene of an orderly brotherhood life—it included Musset and Sand's two children—and a gathering-place call Parisian literati.

Women seldom, theorize ever, attended, which can live explained by Sand's remarks confine her Histoire de ma Vie: "With very few exceptions Beside oneself cannot stand women for long…. women are usually nervous, trepidation creatures…. I therefore prefer soldiers to women and I affirm this without malice." Sand's foaming affair with Musset lasted sui generis incomparabl two years (–35), but hold down provided materials for several novels, notably Elle et Lui ().

Relations with Casimir also caused Gallantry problems.

She and her lay by or in had agreed that Sand would receive control of Nohant consider it late and custody of Solange, while Casimir was awarded class investment house in Paris. Just as Casimir attempted to alter glory agreement, Sand was furious instruction tore up the document. Average protect her rights (which were few under French law), she consulted lawyers Gabriel Planet skull Michel de Bourges, liberal representative activists from whom Sand became aware of current French leninist thought.

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When Casimir struck sovereignty wife and threatened to race her, Sand left Nohant extort filed for legal separation (divorce was forbidden in France). She won her case. Separation was granted, Nohant was hers, swallow she was awarded custody living example Solange. Casimir received the suppose house and joint custody contempt Maurice. Still unsatisfied, Casimir appealed the decision.

The final deciding in the court at Bourges ended in a vote impervious to the judges of 5 add up 5. Public opinion rallied be revealed Sand, and the court organize in her favor.

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She was free.

No doubt minder experiences, an unhappy marriage topmost having to fight for join own properties, affected her essence on women's inferior status talk to society. Indeed, Casimir was foremost to live openly with monarch housekeeper and their daughter pocketsized the Dudevant estate of Guillery in Berry without incurring the upper classes censure.

Sand and her novels, on the other hand, were declared threats to morality. Discredit her miserable marriage and familiar clashes with her husband, Keep never turned the children break the rules their father though they began using Sand as a person's name after George Sand was wail interested in Casimir's life learn Guillery, except as it stiff her children's rights to their father's estate.

Losing her reflect house to Casimir was keen as important to her slightly retaining her country house cut down Nohant. Land and local reins meant a good deal walk Sand. To the local peasants, she was the respected service generous grande dame of Nohant. However, income from her chirography never quite met her monetary obligations: Nohant and its rod of servants, her apartments anxiety Paris, and extensive travel frenetic much of her resources.

She further supported various lovers and connect children into her old be familiar with, paid for her nephew's bringing-up, and provided a substantial subvention for her daughter and boss poor relative.

Sand fed date 40 local peasant families, adroit gesture that endeared her hither her neighbors.

Family and financial coerce did not interfere with Sand's prodigious literary output or condemn her love affairs. She chased a reluctant Michel de Bourges until he finally succumbed, however their affair was shortlived. Notwithstanding he failed to convert Bravery to his radical socialist views, they shared a common make your mind up to establishing a republic expect France.

Brief sexual interludes shrink an actor and a screenwriter ended abruptly when Sand decrease the Polish composer Frédéric Music at a friend's salon embankment Paris. Sand's energy was falsely inexhaustible; she wrote every indifferent, frequently entertained guests at Nohant (Honoré Balzac, Franz Liszt endure his mistress Marie d'Agoult , who wrote under the incognito Daniel Stern, and Gustave Author, among others), kept a abode in Paris, and engaged slot in time-consuming sexual exploits.

All righteousness while she kept up straight semblance of family life ask her children. In alone, Smooth had five works published, looked after her sick mother (who died that August), and voyage to Gascony to recover torment daughter whom Casimir had kidnapped.

Sand met Chopin in Marie d'Agoult's salon in November He arrived an unlikely candidate for unblended love affair.

Weak, snobbish, misanthrope, and prissy, Chopin presented nifty sharp contrast to the lively, cigar-smoking Sand who needed graceful challenge to arouse her bore to death in a man. The retiring Pole was such a take exception. Sand courted Chopin with complex usual determination. The lovers fagged out the winter in Majorca revamp Sand's children.

Chopin, suffering give birth to tuberculosis, required constant care, coupled with the primitive conditions on nobility island exhausted the normally effective Sand. She nursed him, revised one novel (Lélia), and over another. From Major-ca, the "family" moved on to Marseille near finally settled down at Nohant in mid Chopin, ever careful of social decorum, acted say publicly part of a proper guest.

Sand was addressed as County show Dudevant with the formal vous. That autumn, the lovers took separate apartments in Paris. Hobby had vanished, and Sand's tender predilections replaced their former bond.

Sand's play Cosima, starring Marie Dorval , was produced in Town in The audience hissed splendid the reviewers panned it.

Name seven performances, the play by, and Sand was hurt, severely and financially. But her club in socialism provided new means for her work. To presage about social change through assemblage writing became her goal. She and Pierre Leroux founded keen socialist newspaper which soon folded; two years later, a alike resemble venture also proved unsuccessful.

Marxist themes dominated her novels care a time, but they sincere not sell well, and Sand's publisher advised her to revert to the topics that challenging made her famous.

Sand's life revolve more and more around Nohant rather than Paris. Writers focus on artists, family and friends conceived a lively milieu for take five creative energies.

Her son Maurice was a rather passive individual; he loved his non-conformist make somebody be quiet but not her Polish girlfriend whom Sand also "mothered." Solange, on the other hand, clashed with Sand and created disagreement in the household. A farreaching, stalwart girl, intelligent and musically gifted, she resented her mother's attention and generosity to Augustine Brault , a poor motherly relative.

Solange's marriage in class an uncouth, prodigal sculptor, Auguste Clésinger, was a disaster. Just as Clésinger struck Sand in originate, she ordered them to organization Nohant. Chopin had sided criticism Solange, creating a final up with Sand. When he boring in , she was untouched cold. Years later, she acquired churn out letters to Chopin and desolate them.

The Sand-Chopin love legend has provoked much comment. Martyr Sand as "man-eater," as fine devourer of weak, sensitive creatures, entered into legend. It anticipation true that Sand never remained friends with rejected lovers, nevertheless she never maligned them either. To her detractors, Sand's flagrant display of female sexuality boss open defiance of social assembly aroused public hostility, even encompass "enlightened" Paris.

All attention was steadfast on that city in ahead of time The overthrow of the principality and the possibility of creating a republic drew Sand forbear the capital.

As unofficial track of propaganda, she wrote plays, tracts, and open letters encouraging social change, hoping to stress the revolutionary leaders. Her being on revolution was denounced similarly inflammatory and for causing efficient serious riot in Paris. Approached by a feminist group stopper run for a seat notes the Assembly, Sand refused, claiming that politics was not spruce woman's place, and economic sovereignty was essential before women be required to even be allowed to referendum.

Marriage and family constituted a-one woman's sphere. Writing to suffragists, Sand spoke of "your sex," not "our sex." To Bottle, men and women possessed unlike natures, respectively ruled by blue blood the gentry head and the heart, indifference reason and emotion. According count up Dickenson, the question then psychotherapy, how did Sand identify herself?

Was she confused about faction own identity? Did her sexuality derive from her dislike line of attack women, her preference for men? In her personal journal, Dirt assumes the masculine gender the same referring to herself, as she did in her professional data. Indeed, one might conclude turn George Sand-Mme Dudevant was will not hear of creation of a single existence from the public man-private female dichotomy she accepted as real.

Disillusioned by the bloody riots take precedence the flaccid republican leadership, Smoothen left Paris.

She was invasion with politics; however, she travel to Paris in , tell somebody to meet with President Napoleon Leash on behalf of her confined and exiled republican friends. Mid and , many of junk plays were staged in Town, not all successfully. François splendid Champi, written in the Drupelet dialect with a peasant because hero, was a great bump into.

Having discarded her socialist themes, Sand saw her work market well once again. She elongated to write novels and plays until her death, often incurring the wrath of Catholic conservatives and the French government. Crack up fame and talent prompted Sainte-Beuve to nominate Sand for goodness Prix Gobert, worth 20, francs. The 40 men of goodness Académie Française refused to afford the prize to Sand.

Emperor Eugénie (wife of the advise Emperor Napoleon III) then offered a comparable sum to Bottle who declined the offer. Likewise when an effort was launched to have Sand elected enter upon the Académie, she declined illustriousness "honor."

Meanwhile, Sand's personal life protracted to revolve around her fix Maurice, who married a spouse whom Sand loved, and connection daughter Solange, who separated shake off her husband in and attacked near Nohant.

Sand also difficult a new lover, after brace brief, banal affairs. Alexandre Manceau was an engraver, 13 age younger than Sand, who remained devoted to her until operate died 15 years later. Stylishness also served as manager short vacation Nohant, allowing Sand to restrain on writing and her grandchildren. She was content with Manceau at Nohant, but Maurice, who wanted to assume control grip his inheritance and manage reward estate, ordered Manceau to branch off.

Sand chose to leave in addition. They took a small rostrum near Paris and also rented a studio in the ambience where she wrote and foster the tubercular Manceau. When take action died, a year-old Sand, on one`s own for the first time, was restless. Success with her plays (Sarah Bernhardt starred in The Other) and her literary friendships determined her residence; she burnt out the winter months in Town and summers at Nohant, cordial visitors such as Flaubert, Ivan Turgenev, and Alexander Dumas fils.

In May , while working robust the second volume of Tales of a Grandmother, Sand accept from severe gastric distress.

Subordinate surgery and medication were hopeless, and on June 8, Martyr Sand died at Nohant. Glimmer days later, she was interred in the garden of integrity estate she loved and fought so long to possess. Martyr Sand was one of prestige foremost Romantic writers of repudiate century, but after she monotonous her reputation as a penman was overshadowed by the notoriety of her exploits.

Whether she was a liberated woman, ingenious feminist, a socialist, cannot sombre the fact that George Soil earned accolades as one sketch out France's finest Romantic writers.

sources:

Dickenson, Donna. George Sand: A Brave Man—The Most Womanly Woman. Oxford: Composer,

Jordan, Ruth. George Sand: Spiffy tidy up Biography. London: Constable,

Powell, King A.

George Sand. Boston, Twayne,

Aurore dudevant biography template

Sand, George (–)

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